The health check-ups for heart or medical tests needed to diagnose your heart disease depend on what condition your doctor thinks you might have based on your symptoms (if any), risk factors and medical history.
Health check-ups for heart disease may include:
Blood pressure – have your blood pressure checked every 2 years if it is normal, you are aged under 40 years, and there is no family history of high blood pressure. Have it checked yearly if you are over 40, your blood pressure is on the high side, or you have a personal or family history of high blood pressure, stroke or heart attack. Be advised by your doctor.
Blood tests – check cholesterol levels and blood triglycerides, among other things. High levels may indicate an increased risk of various health problems, including heart disease. If you are over 45, you should have these blood tests once every 5 years. If you are at high risk of heart disease and have a family history, you should be tested every year from the age of 40.
Electrocardiogram (ECG) – this is a non-invasive and painless medical test that detects cardiac (heart) abnormalities by measuring the electrical activity generated by the heart as it contracts.
Obesity tests – being overweight is a significant risk factor for many health conditions, including cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Ask your doctor to check your body mass index (BMI) and waist measurement every 2 years. If you are at a higher risk, you should have your weight checked more frequently.
Angiogram (Coronary angiogram) – A coronary angiogram may be done during or after a heart attack or angina. It’s sometimes called ‘cardiac catheterisation’.
Coronary computed tomography angiogram (CCTA) – This is a type of computed tomography (CT) scan that can help diagnose coronary artery disease. It gives a 3-dimensional image of the heart chambers and coronary arteries supplying blood to the heart.
A CCTA is a non-invasive test for people who may be experiencing unusual cardiac symptoms
Chest X-ray – Using an X-ray, pictures are taken of the structure and organs inside your chest, like your heart, lungs and blood vessels. They can show if there are signs of heart failure.
MRI – An MRI uses very strong magnets and radio waves to create detailed images of your heart on a computer. It can take still or moving pictures of your heart. It does not involve radiation and the main thing you will notice is a drumming noise while the scanning is being done.Sometimes a special dye is used to make parts of the heart and coronary arteries easier to see. This test shows your doctor the structure of your heart and how well it is working, so they can decide the best treatment for you.
Stress tests – Stress tests help your doctor find out how well your heart works when you’re physically active, using exercise machines (e.g. a treadmill).
Exercise stress test – This is an electrocardiogram (ECG) done while you exercise. The doctor checks your heart rate, heart rhythm and blood pressure. The test will show how your heart works during exercise. Sometimes it’s called a treadmill test or exercise test.
Stress echocardiogram (stress echo) – A radioactive substance (a tracer) is injected into your bloodstream. The stress echo uses an ultrasound to detect differences in your heart’s chambers and valves and how strongly your heart beats when exercised, or when stressed using a medicine (e.g. dobutamine).
Nuclear cardiac stress test – This test is sometimes called an ‘exercise thallium scan’, a ‘dual isotope treadmill’ or an ‘exercise nuclear scan’. A tiny dose of a radioactive substance called a ‘tracer’ is injected into your bloodstream. It goes to your heart and releases energy. Special cameras take a picture of this energy from outside your body. Your doctor uses this picture to see how much blood flows to your heart muscle and how well your heart pumps blood when you are resting and doing physical activity. This test also helps your doctor to see if your heart muscle is damaged.
Tilt tests – Doctors use tilt tests to see whether different body positions will trigger an abnormal heartbeat (arrhythmia). They’re especially useful for investigating the hearts of people who faint without explanation.
Tip: Ask your doctor for information about any test you’re having, so you understand why you’re having it, and what’s involved during and after the test.
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